The Basics Of Website Hosting - 1198 Words

ALRIGHT! You have decided to use WordPress for your business and now you are all excited to build your website or blog! So now you have a vision for what your website will look like. GREAT! What next? What about where are you going to host your WordPress site? This is the area where most business owners are not certain which way to go when it comes to website hosting. Okay, so what is Website Hosting? Website hosting is where you host your website. It is where your website is going to live and how people access it on the Internet. Website hosting is one of the key features in running a website. There are several thousand website hosting providers to choose from and these are located all over the world. You will find numerous free web hosts†¦show more content†¦Website Hosting Recommendation: MomWebs This hosting company is outstanding. They have EXCELLENT customer support service and its very easy to navigate through their cPanel. They never get tired of you asking questions. We highly recommend MomWebs. Web Hosting Checklist: This Decision Can Make or Break your Business If youre a work at home mom like me, you may also have struggled with finding reliable web hosting. Well, over the years (and many headaches later), Ive come up with a checklist of essentials that your website hosting company must have before you even consider working with them. 1. Excellent Reliability There is nothing more frustrating than finding out your website is down, and has been for hours. Although no time is a good time to have your site down, the timing can be just terrible. That sinking feeling when youve purchased advertising and you know the ad is about to be sent out and you go to your website for last minute touches and... its down. That is not cool. That is not acceptable. You must make sure that the web host you select not only has good reliability, but superior reliability. This is your business on the line, not some hobby site. Treat it as such and get hosting that works for you when you need it. But, you cant just trust a website that says they are reliable. Make sure they can prove it. 2. Superior Customer Support When you do need help, make sure that your hosting will provide it. One thing I recommend is to contactShow MoreRelatedWeb Hosting : Small E Commerce Websites Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pages1) Virtual Hosting: The main users of this type of web hosting is small e-commerce websites. This type of hosting allows the user to host their own website as if it was their own â€Å"in-house† webserver. The main advantages are you can load your own software, set up your own cgi-bin directories, and allows you to host several sites on one computer. The disadvantages would be if you require a more powerful server, or a server with a limited number of sites, you have to pay a large fee. Also, you areRead MoreHosting Plan Research Paper945 Words   |  4 PagesWhich hosting plan is right for me? 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Do you share the impulse to dismiss IT as something for other businesses? Bear in mind that 81% of your potential customers shop online first. They not only expect you to run a website, they expect it to run great and provide substantive info. In short, you must worry about IT services and solutions to some extent. Dont worry if tech isnt your bag. Were going to walk you through some of the key technologies and pitfalls. Lets go! Hosting The first techRead MoreWordpress Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesown website. With WordPress, you can surely get the best of both the worlds - an easy to understand the platform and unlimited features that enable you to grow your blog and add bells and whistles as you learn. WordPress.org - WordPress.com To start with, you should have this basic idea that there are two WordPresses. But they are controlled by the same organization, yet WordPress.com is an administration that host your blogs for you - like Blogger, Tumblr, and other third parties websites. 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Examine the Key Features of the Teleological Argument

Examine the key features of the Teleological argument. The word teleological comes from the Greek word ‘Telos’ which means purpose. The teleological argument is a posteriori and like the cosmological argument, attempts to prove the existence of God. It claims that certain phenomena within the universe appear to display features of design and are perfectly adapted to fulfil their function. Therefore, if features of the universe are so perfectly designed, for example the structure and function of the heart, then there must be a designer, which points towards the existence of God. The teleological argument is based around the idea that the universe in some way demands the existence of an intelligent being that designed the universe to†¦show more content†¦The Anthropic argument also features in the design argument and is similar to Paleys analogy. It looks at the purposes that every part of the world has (for example trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen that we breathe) and from these purpose-serving things in the world, the argument states it was placed there by a creator to serve this purpose. Tennant argued: â€Å"The many accidents of physics and astronomy have worked together to our benefit and shows that in some sense the universe must have seen us coming†. Examine the strengths and weakness of the Teleological argument. A major strength of the teleological argument is that it is logical. The design of the universe is apparent and evident for everyone to see, and everyone can appreciate that such beauty and design which the universe possesses requires a constant effort and input of energy to make it and keep it so. Richard Swinburne argued that the design and precision of the universe cannot be explained by science, and can only be explained in terms of the purposes of an intelligent being: God. He argues; â€Å"Of course there is order in the world: if there were not order, humanity would not exist to discover it!† As order is existent in the universe, the simplest explanation is God, and God is also the best explanation for the universe’s order. An additional Strength of the teleological argument isShow MoreRelatedReligion and Bioethics: Physician Assisted Suicide, a Religious Perspective2205 Words   |  9 Pagesto look at our two main theoretical camps: deontological or â€Å"Kantian† ethics, and teleological or â€Å"utilitarian† ethics. Both sides make valid points regarding this bioethical issue. Therefore, in order to form your own opinion/make conclusions on this matter, it is crucial to have substantial knowledge regarding the assertions on both sides of the argument – this is the only way in which to truly make sound arguments/draw valid conclusions. 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In an attempt to help remedy this situation, this articie examines IMC as a body of theory and hypothesizes its influence upon practice—as a theoretical concept, general idea, management technique, or simple rhetoric. The analysis and argument presented in this article suggests that IMC is a management fashion, apparent in its lack of definition and transient influence, and that its influence upon practiceRead MoreImportance of Ethics in Business as an Academic Discipline8970 Words   |  36 Pagesoverwhelmingly agree that the single measure that would most improve corporate governance is the establishment by senior management of an ethical business culture.† And, â€Å"Another clear message of the survey is that ethical leadership from the top is the key to reducing corporate malfeasance.† Considering the ethical failures in the last several years and the resulting crisis in confidence, a sincere commitment to creating and sustaining an ethical business culture in public and private sectors has neverRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words   |  89 Pages1108/02610151311305632 [pic]  Abstract [pic]  View PDF  (200kb) [pic]  Print View References †¢ References (67) Citations †¢ CrossRef (1) Further reading †¢ Related Content Search our articles for similar content †¢ Key readings Search our reviews for related items Marked list Top of Form Add to marked list:  Ã‚  [pic][pic] Bottom of Form Bookmark share   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reprints permissions   [pic] Legal and ethical implications of â€Å"lookism† and â€Å"lookphobia† Read MoreThe Impact of Business Ethic on Organisational Performance14958 Words   |  60 Pages 34 4.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 4.2 Ethical Theories ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 4.2.1 Teleological theory ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36 4.2.2 Stakeholder theory ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 4.2.3 Agency theory VS stewardshipRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesaccessibility of primary documents and secondary works on world history in the past 100–150 years, which are clearly evident in the citations that accompany the essays in this collection, makes this neglect all the more lamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust

Essay in Social Work Theory Free Essays

MODULE NAME: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIAL WORK ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Choose at least two social work theories; explain their main principles, advantages and disadvantages and apply them to the assessment, planning and intervention in one of the case studies provided below. Discuss your rationale for choosing the theories selected. Case Study 2: Ramesh Ramesh is 45 year old Sri Lankan man who works as a telephone engineer. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay in Social Work Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now He lives alone, but for many years he looked after his elderly mother, who died 18 months ago. Ramesh was recently hospitalized after a suicide attempt. He had been taken anti-depressants for several months before he took an overdose. According to his sister, he had become depressed and was drinking and smoking a lot, and hardly ever eating. He had been taking time off, and at risk of losing his job with BT. His sister says that Ramesh went downhill after the death of their mother, but that she was surprised at this as he always complained about at the things he had to do for her when she was alive. The sister has a family of her own, but says that she has tried to involve Ramesh in her family, but he had mostly refused. He had friends who he used to play cricket with, but he has stopped seeing them. He had been saying that there’s nothing to live for, and he wanted to be left alone. Ramesh is due to be released from hospital in two weeks time. WORD COUNT: 3,221 Theory is defined as a set of ideas which can be beliefs or assumptions that guides social work professional to provide high quality practice and work effectively (Oko, 2008:6). A theory represents therefore a tool for social work to use. It also helps workers to make sense of what is happening on people’s life and what can be done to help them. This piece of work aims to explain the main principles, advantages and disadvantages of attachment and crisis intervention theories. Also, how these theoretical frameworks direct workers to carry out assessment, planning and intervention process and apply them to Ramesh’s case study illustrates above. I will then consider how far these models facilitate anti-oppressive practice in working with service users and why I choose them. To begin with, I will talk about attachment theory. The background of this theory was first developed by Freud. He was a psychoanalyst who viewed the bond between mother and an infant as sexually orientated. â€Å"The bond which links mother to infant is libido† (Holmes 1997:62). According to Freud, an infant expresses anxiety when he or she cannot suck the mother’s breast. During the feeding, an infant â€Å"discharges his libido† (Holmes 1997:62), in consequence the retention of anxiety diminishes. In the contrary, John Bowlby saw attachment between a mother and an infant as a â€Å"psychological bond in its own right not an instinct† (Holmes 1997:63) as Freud has described it. In addition, a child needs a mother to satisfy a physiological need to be able to cope throughout the life course. According to Bowlby, an infant that experiences separation or loss from the mother can have mental problem in adulthood or juvenile delinquency in childhood. The nature of the bond is about love, affection and a consistent and emotionally invested person in a child. In the absence of love, a child feels disorientated, lost and unhappy. â€Å"I am close to my loved one I feel good, when I am far away, I am anxious, sad or lonely† (Holmes 1997:67). The proximity seeking is essential because a child needs to be comforted when feels distress, for this reason a cuddle or a touch from a love one is a great help. Bowlby also stated that the proximity of the main care giver, who is the mother, is essential. Babies need to feel attached to one person. He argued that the mother was the best person to play that role. According to Bowlby babies have a biological need to form an attachment to a particular person who feeds and cares for them. He called it monotropy. He maintained that this was a survival instinct without it the child would be exposed to danger. This attachment occurs only in a vital period of time, which is the first five years in order to achieve a particular skill. He called this period â€Å"critical period†. The absence of the mother as attachment figure leads to maternal deprivation. Bowlby believed that maternal deprived children were more likely to develop poor social adjustment and difficult relationships in adolescence and adulthood. Subsequent to these others researchers said that it is not the absence of the mother but the presence of conflicts and disruption during the upbringing of children that cause difficulties in late life (Holmes 1997:51). For Bowlby, mothers should be devoted to their children to protect them and care for them. He believed that the interaction between a child and the main care giver helps the child to identify the self and to be ready to explore the world alone. It is called internal working model. It is a process by which a child commences to understand the self with the presence of a care giver or multiple carers leading to a positive internal working model (Holmes, 1997:78). According to Bowlby a secure child has a positive working model. In the contrary, an insecure attached child â€Å"sees himself as ineffective and unworthy of love† (Holmes, 1997:79). Bowlby would have said that Ramesh has a negative internal working model because according to his sister, he said that â€Å"there is nothing to live for and he wanted to be left alone†. He felt insecure, but again it can be argued that Ramesh’s response is explained by his natural emotion that matters to him not because he is an insecure attached child or because of the fact of loss leads to bad thoughts (Holmes, 1997:162). In a cultural point of view, maybe that was his way to mourn his mother’s death. Mourning is defined as a process of correcting the idea that, a bereaved person still feel attached to a love one who is no longer there and of overcoming the loss (Messer Jones, 2001 :490). Different cultures prescribe different grieving rituals. Maybe Ramesh wanted to express his grieving by being alone. The other key concept of attachment theory is the response of the care giver towards the child in order to determine if a child feels secure or insecure. To understand the relationship between attachment and children’s behaviour, Mary Ainsworth made a reliable naturalistic study in 1960s of mothers and their children in their first year of life. The experience is called â€Å"strange situation†. It is described as follow. A mother and child are introduced to a room with toys. Three minutes later the child is left alone with a stranger then the mother will come again and the child is again left alone without the stranger. The aim of the experience was to see how the child reacts on the presence and absence of the mother as a secure base when eft alone with a strange person and the experience lasted twenty minutes (Payne, 2005:82). Five patterns of behaviour were identified: the first one was secure attachment, the second one was insecure avoidant, and the third one was insecure ambivalent, the fourth one was insecure and disorganised and the fifth one was non-attachment. Although this experience was done on a child under stress, the results of attachment are maintained throughout the life cycle. Therefore it helps to understand an adult behaviour when facing separation or bereavement. For instance to be able to understand how Ramesh was related to his mother and what kind of therapeutic strategies to use, a social worker has to consider these patterns of attachment. The fact that Ramesh cannot cope without the mother being around even though he was the one looking after her, can be interpreted as a â€Å"fear of autonomy or compromised†(Holmes1996:20). He had an insecure ambivalent attachment. He was clinged to his mother, she was a secure base moreover her death made him independent and fearful to take back his autonomy and assertiveness. He seems to be showing his anger and pain through drinking, smoking, an overdose of anti-depressant and attempting suicide. He is facing with the loss of a significant attachment figure. Bowlby’s explanation of attachment theory focuses on mother. He did not take into account of the role of the father or a different care giver or multiple care givers. In other cultures, the extended family has an importance in rising up children. Also the socio-economic aspect was not raised by Bowlby. Meaning that for him a father was the main bread winner and a mother had the duties to look after children at home. He did not consider working mothers and single parenting. But again Bowlby’s work was done during the world war 1950’s. Attachment theory did not take into account of individuality. For instance, in a strange situation, different children would have reacted differently. Moreover Kagan quoted in psychology and social care suggested that â€Å"avoidant infants are difficult to upset, ambivalent infants are easy to stress and that secure infants are somewhere between these two† (Messer Jones, 2001:232). But again some people think that, the classification of attachment behaviour patterns are useful to understand children, to trace back childhood history and to be able to understand adults’ actual problems in relation to mental health. Theories give an idea about what is happening in a situation in social work profession. It also directs workers on how they are going to solve problems, what needs to be done in order to resolve the problem. Having saying that, attachment theory helps to understand Ramesh behaviour and attitude. He was admitted to the hospital because of depression. This could be explained by the fact that there is a relationship between bereavement and vulnerability to psychiatric disorder (Holmes, 1996:179). However, social worker will have the task to assist Ramesh in his explorations of his present and past life. The social worker has to understand how Ramesh is coping with the bereavement in his life. In order to do so the worker has to work in partnership with Ramesh, he is the best person to explain how he is feeling and coping, also what needs to be done to solve the problem immediately. Attachment theory helps to understand what is going on in Ramesh’s life. The next step will be to take action to help him. Crisis intervention model is then a practical tool that helps professionals to act efficiently. Crisis intervention was first developed by Roberts who defined it as â€Å"turning points in people’s lives† (Roberts quoted in Payne, 2005: 103). This means that, it is a point of time for deciding something when an individual is faced with an urgent stressful situation such as bereavement, a loss of a closer family member or a loss of job. The response should be then spontaneous. The theory focuses on a limited period of time (four to six weeks) within which a social worker helps and supports a service user who works though bereavement to develop new adaptive ways of coping. It assumes that the society we live in is a smooth society where norms and values are shared and understandable by all. Everyone should fit in it but then again in case an individual experiences distress he or she should find away to resolve it in order to conform. Crisis intervention also states that the life course of all individuals is constituted of many events crisis. According to (Roberts 1995:29) â€Å"A crisis is a period of Psychological disequilibrium and decreased functioning as a result of an event or situation that creates a significant problem which cannot be resolved by using familiar coping strategies†. In addition, people in crisis may experience a host of emotions, including feelings of anxiety, guilt, helplessness and withdrawal from friends and relatives. According to the definition, Ramesh can be considered to be facing crisis. For instance according to the information provided, Ramesh has attempted suicide, he took an overdose of anti-depressants, and he is avoiding his friends. Further to this the sister stated that Ramesh has become depressed and was drinking and smoking a lot. All of this information indicates the breakdown of Ramesh’s psychological equilibrium. The major cause of all these problems is the death of his mother. Ramesh might be scared to take on a new role. This suggests that new approaches must be developed for Ramesh to build his equilibrium. Crisis intervention theoretical method can therefore be applied when working with Ramesh to ensure that he develops new coping mechanisms. It is based on ego psychology derived from a psychologist, Freud and others who helped in the building of his work. It was developed around the observations of Caplan 1965 and others who looked at how people coped with a crisis in their lives. Psychodynamic ego psychology is used in crisis intervention to emphasise people’s emotional strengths in dealing with crisis (Payne 2005:98). This theory is a coping mechanism for any crisis situations including domestic violence, mental health, child abuse, drugs or alcohol problems, or the admission to hospital or care home, breakdown of close relationships etc. The crisis poses a major threat to most human beings. The response to this crisis differs from one person to another. For instance, the bereavement can be coped very well with the presence of family members and friends by one person while another whose life centred almost entirely around the dead person may feel that life is not worth and reject the support available as Ramesh did according to his sister. The theory works then towards the provision of opportunity for growth and positive changes following an emotional or physical experience which may lead a person to a break down. The idea of crisis intervention theory is to empower the person and to support them in taking the positives from the situation. Ramesh case study is a typical case where crisis intervention theory is a useful tool to use. There are lots of crisis situations surrounding him which therefore, needs intervention. Intervention has a very active, practical, directive about it. The crisis in Ramesh is not the issue of his mother’s death but rather his perception of and response to this situation. His crisis responses will be seen as drinking, smoking, taking time off the job and not eating enough. Issues raised in this case are that Ramesh is depressed and introverted as described by his sister. Crisis intervention theory suggests that a particular issue in a given crisis might represent a reaction to an issue elsewhere in the same or a connected issue. Going through this hard time might be an unfamiliar situation for him. An action at one point can therefore be expected to lead to a reaction elsewhere. If at this point in Ramesh’s life and intervention does not take place, then, he might go back to hospital and maybe end up with a severe mental health problem. I feel that crisis intervention can help Ramesh to develop a new coping mechanism by working through his experiences and feelings so he can see things better and return to stability. Crisis intervention looks at what someone can do rather than cannot do; therefore it is a social model of intervention. This can be achieved through the use of the seven stages of the theory described by Roberts 1995. The first stage is an initial assessment, where Rameh’s risks and safety are identified together with others. If he is thought to be a high danger to himself or to others, referral is made to a psychiatrist for consideration of hospitalisation. In the event of hospitalisation, the intervention proceeds. On the second stage, the worker should establish rapport and appropriate communication with Ramesh for him to understand that he â€Å"can overcome current problems and arrive at a satisfactory tomorrow† (Roberts, 1995: 20). This can be done through listening and reassuring him of a stable future. It will also help him in reducing the negatives aspects in his crisis events by structured therapy dealing with the immediate crisis that is taking small steps in dealing with his anxieties. The third stage requires the worker to explore Ramesh’s existing strengths, weaknesses and resources. It is also about identifying the major problems to deal with and addressing them. On the next stage, the worker sets some goals using the strength approach. Providing practical help and assessment of the relevant crisis issues will enable the presenting crisis situation to return to equilibrium. With Ramesh’s situation, focusing on the crisis event but also expanding beyond the factual information to include his current emotions is the first step. His crisis issues will be separated in order to decrease his anxieties and to help him make decisions about the smoking, drinking, relationship with his sister and playing cricket with his friends one at a time and for him to be able to define his goals and develop an action plan. In stage five, the worker should implement the plan, teaching new skills or mobilizing other support. Actions that needs to be taken are the use of a counselor to obtain detailed psychological information, identifying the barrier for example, the resilience of socialisation, acknowledgement of his strengths and interest for example playing cricket while addressing the rejection of his sister support. Moreover the elements of psychological ego psychology can also be applied to emphasize Ramesh’s strength in dealing with crisis. This method will be significant because Ramesh seems to be acting unconsciously and has a psychological disequilibrium. For instance, he has been drinking and smoking a lot and hardly eating, also isolating himself from his friends and feeling guilty that he did help his mother enough when she was alive. The therapeutic intervention will assist Ramesh to recognise his painful and repressed feelings. If Ramesh identifies his hidden thoughts and feelings, new coping mechanisms should be established through the mobilization of resources for support such as offering him bereavement counseling. The aim is to reduce continuing unpleasant effects and emotions. Then on the sixth stage, Ramesh together with his counselor need to review the actions that were taken and evaluate their success but to return back to the action if the crisis is not fully resolved. On the final stage, he would also be helped to think about potential future crisis, how they might be addressed and where future support may be found. And if his case is going to be terminated due to success of his actions, his feelings will be process around ending the therapeutic relationship. By providing crisis intervention, Ramesh learns new ways of coping, sees himself differently and new opportunities for the future whilst being empowered to take control. According to (Thompson 2001:11) â€Å"good practice is not dependent on the use of anyone method or approach, it is more to do with using the methods in an anti-oppressive way†. This means not being only aware of the potential for discrimination and oppression in the worker and service user relationship in social work practice, but also need to constantly look at ways of using the approaches in order to reduce oppression and discrimination. The support helps him to draw out the positives from the changes he experienced. Cognitive behavioural theory also works well with crisis intervention as it comes from the psychological theories of information processing which can also correlate how Ramesh is feeling and coping with the crisis situation. Ramesh will also be aware that decisions should not be made on the basis of one problem alone as it will create other problems. My rationale of choosing this theory is that, a limited period of time is given to resolve the crisis and therefore, effective in terms of effort and resources. The sooner Ramesh regains control of his life the better in one hand. On the other hand, good practice takes time. Consequently, an early assessment and intervention are crucial, in order to react effectively to gear towards preventing future crisis. Also crisis intervention can be highly intrusive and directive which can raise number of issues, for example ethical dilemmas and rights such as decision making process. In summary, I have explained attachment and crisis intervention theories and how the first one helps Social Worker to understand human behaviour when facing bereavement. The second approach has a role to play in promoting the anti-oppressive approach in social work practice, by restoring as much control as possible and validating and celebrating service user strengths. It uses elements of ego-psychology from psychodynamic perspective and promotes the time limited and more focused ways of working with service users. Although, the theories have limitations, they provide frameworks for Social Workers to engage with service users in the most effective way. Bibliography Holmes, J. (1996) Attachment, Intimacy, Autonomy: Using Attachment Theory in Adult Psychotherapy. New Jersey: Book Mart Press. Holmes, J. (1997) John Bowlby and Attachment Theory. London: Routledge. Messer, D Jones, F. (2001) Psychology and Social Care. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd. Oko, J. (2008) Understanding Social Work Theory. London: Learning Matters. Payne, M. (2005) Modern Social Work Theory. 3rd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Roberts, A R. (1995) Crisis Intervention and Time-Limited Cognitive Treatment. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Thompson, N. (2001) Anti-discriminatory Practice. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave. How to cite Essay in Social Work Theory, Essays

Principles And Values Of Health Promotion †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Principles And Values Of Health Promotion. Answer: Summary The articles builds from the background that health promotion (HP) has found itself in a growingly compounded world and that providers must understand and respond to the manifold interlinked health determinants which class for the ability to plan, implement as well as evaluate programs of health promotion that are increasingly compounded and multifaceted in the modern health promotion. 4 The main issue address in the article is the contemporary practice of health-promotion that requires to react to the compounded issues of health which have a range of interconnected determinants. To achieve, the authors hold acknowledges the need for effective comprehension of the principles alongside values of health-promotion. The methodology used in this paper was a literature review that helped the authors to explore both principles and values evident in the present health promotion practice and theory. The results of the study unearthed a vast array of principles and values as being essential and integral to the contemporary health promotion practice and theory. Albeit, there were certain commonalities crossways the values and principles list, the authors never acknowledged standardized, authoritative set of principles together with values accepted as fundamental as well as applicability to the contemporary health-promotion. 4 The authors recognized a range of principles and values apparent in the contemporary practice of HP from the ones connected with ecological, holistic, salutogenic HP to such more in line with conservative HP. The authors concluded by acknowledging the essence of a system of principles and values dependable with the contemporary HP which allows healthcare providers to incorporate/integrate purposefully such principles and values into comprehension of health and assessment of needs, planning, implementation as well as evaluation practice. 3 The paper appreciated the significance of exploring the values and principles to health promotion. The exploration followed the various attempts already made in describing the dominant HP principles alongside values. The article not only highlighted a big list of values and principles of health promotion but also acknowledged various challenges linked to the utilization of these principles and values in health promotion practice. The principles and values evident in HP practice are manifestation of the discrepancy between principles and values of contemporary HP and the ones showcased in conventional HP. The researchers highlighted the essence principles and values system which aligns to contemporary HP which allows the health providers to integrate purposefully such identified values and principles into their comprehension of health and respective needs assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation practice. Critical Reflection The main strength of the articles lies within its effective critical review of the literature for effective exploration of the principles and values palpable in the contemporary HP practice and theory. This enabled the researchers to review credible articles that informed valid results of a huge list of these principles and values. Also, it was effective since the authors not only identified such values but went a notch higher to recognize and explain the four main challenges linked to working explicitly and proactively with principles and values. These challenges included lack of consensus regarding the core principles and values of health promotion; absence of particular guidance on the application of principles and values; existence of different interpretation regarding the principles and values utilization in health promotion practice; and existence of disparity between espoused principles and values of contemporary health promotion and increasingly conventional health promotion practice. Highlighting these challenges was effective to inform the future research on how best they can be mitigated to ensure effective application of values and principles in modern health promotion. 1 The limitation of the study is that the only secondary sources were used to gather the data and hence there is a possibility of carrying forward the errors made by previous authors into the current study. References Birley M. Health impact assessment: principles and practice. Routledge; 2013 Oct 18. Carter et al. Evidence, ethics, and values: a framework for health promotion. American journal of public health. 2011 Mar; 101(3):465-72. Fertman CI, Allensworth DD. Health promotion programs: from theory to practice. John Wiley Sons; 2016 Nov 7. Gregg J, O'Hara L. Values and principles evident in current health promotion practice. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2007; 18(1):7-11.

The Peculiarities of the Golden Griffin

The Oxus Treasure was found at the territory of Takht-i Kuwad, Tajikistan, in 1877. It includes a great variety of gold and silver items which belong to the period of the 4th – 2nd centuries BC. Nowadays these items are located in Great Britain in the British Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Peculiarities of the Golden Griffin-Headed Bracelets from the Oxus Treasure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These treasures reflect the traditions of the art of the Achaemenid period, the peculiarities of the local Greek and Bactrian art, and the elements of the Scythian style. The griffin-headed bracelets are considered as the most famous examples of the Achaemenid art presented in the Oxus Treasure. Today two griffin-headed bracelets are located in the British Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum. First examples of the Oxus Treasure appeared at the markets of Indi a in the 19th century and attracted the merchants’ attention. The archeologists stated that the treasure was found near the Oxus River. However, there is no factual information about the peculiarities of their discovering. There are a lot of sources which describe the almost legendary story of the adventures of the treasures in the East (â€Å"Gold Griffin-Headed armlet from the Oxus Treasure†). Thus, one story tells about three merchants who were going from Kabul to Peshawar and were stolen by the nomadic people. They had golden and silver treasures which were bought in Kandiana. The local people had found the items at the coasts of the Oxus River. However, the British Captain F. C. Burton helped them and the golden and silver treasures hidden in small packets were returned to the merchants. In the morning the muggers came to the Captain because they were frightened with the perspective of being killed. The merchants were grateful to the Captain and asked him to buy t he griffin-headed bracelet which is located in the British Museum today (â€Å"Gold Griffin-Headed armlet from the Oxus Treasure†).Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The golden griffin-headed bracelets became the symbol of the Oxus Treasure which reflect the features of the particular style in making jewelry during the Achaemenid period. If the other items of the treasure belong to the period of the 4th – 2nd centuries BC, the bracelets demonstrate the features of the jewelry art of the 5th-4th centuries BC. The researchers emphasize that â€Å"the bracelets are similar to objects being brought as tribute on reliefs at the Persian centre of Persepolis† (â€Å"Gold Griffin-Headed armlet from the Oxus Treasure†). The practical usage of the bracelets is still studied by the archaeologists and historians who state that these bracelets are impractical and could not be worn by the Persians every day because of the peculiarities of their form and rather massive elements (Dalton). Thus, â€Å"the Greek writer Xenophon (born around 430 BC) tells us that armlets were among the items considered as gifts of honour at the Persian court† (â€Å"Gold Griffin-Headed armlet from the Oxus Treasure†). The golden griffin-headed bracelets belong to a long-established Near Eastern tradition which can be characterized by the wide usage of such elements as animal-head terminals (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini). Moreover, these bracelets reflect the typical characteristics of usage of polychrome inlays and incrustation. Today the bracelets are presented without incrustation elements. However, they were originally inlaid with coloured stones and glass (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini). To understand the peculiarities of the art of the Achaemenid period, it is necessary to focus on the details of the technique with the help of which the brac elets were made. All the parts presented in the bracelets were worked out individually with the help of wax models. Thus, the original bracelet is constructed from several parts. The main characteristics of the bracelets are the usage of animal-head terminals as the elements of decoration, polychrome details, and the incrustation of inorganic material (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Peculiarities of the Golden Griffin-Headed Bracelets from the Oxus Treasure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the other â€Å"element of the design is the relief work, which, depending on the reflection of the light, or its absence in shadowed parts, varies from light to dark, contrasting with the smooth undecorated hoop† (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini 135). The most detailed elements of griffins and the wings were also modeled in wax individually. Then wax models were covered with the lays of melted gold (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini). To complete the work, the plastic shaping techniques were used. â€Å"The cast metal surfaces of the bracelets and the elements of relief were reworked by plastic shaping techniques, such as chasing, and the use of punches, chisels and a hammer† (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini 135). The next stage of the process was the incrustation with glass and coloured stones. Dalton states that lazuli fragments were also used for the decoration of the bracelets (Dalton). However, to make successful incrustation, it was necessary to fix all the parts of the bracelets. â€Å"The ensemble was finally fixed in the depression by means of spurs cut in the rim of the wing† (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini 136). To create the most interesting examples of the Achaemenid jewelry art, the goldsmiths used several metal-working techniques which were professionally combined. â€Å"The goldsmiths were specializ ed professionals with a high level of skill in both artistic and aesthetic terms† (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini 136). Moreover, the researchers state that it was important to have a variety of different tools such as a furnace with bellows, a clay crucible, crucible tongs, and abrasives in order to create such masterpieces of the jewelry art (Curtis, Tallis, and Andre-Salvini). The golden griffin-headed bracelets from the Oxus Treasure are the most interesting examples which demonstrate the peculiarities of the art of the Achaemenid period in Near East. Works Cited Curtis, John, Nigel Tallis, and Beatrice Andre-Salvini. Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. USA: University of California Press, 2005. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dalton, Ormond Maddock. The Treasure of the Oxus: With Other Objects from Ancient Persia and India. USA: Kessinger Publishing, 2010. Print. â€Å"Gold Griffin-Headed Armlet from the Oxus Treasure†. britishmuseum.org. British Museum, n.d. Web. This research paper on The Peculiarities of the Golden Griffin-Headed Bracelets from the Oxus Treasure was written and submitted by user Add1syn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Animals in Testing essays

Animals in Testing essays Its not a new thing. For many centuries scientists and testers in research have used animals of all kinds. Most of the animals are small ones like rodents - rats, mice, hamsters and gerbils. Some dogs, cats and a variety of goats, monkeys and rabbits have also been used. The animal rights issue is an emotional one - second only, perhaps, to the abortion debate. For decades the value of animal research has been grossly overrated. Although researchers claim that they depend on animal test data to achieve medical advances, we should demand other means of research and there should be laws assuring a minimum level of animal protection because testing on animals is cruel, inhumane, and often unnecessary. The American Medical Association has stated that it believes that research involving animals is essential to maintaining and improving the health of human beings. They point out that all advances in medical science in the 20th century, from antibiotics to organ transplants, has been achieved either directly or indirectly through the use of animals in laboratory experiments. Animal research is being used to find a cure for AIDS, cancer, heart disease, aging and congenital defects. The AMA claims that the result of these experiments has been the elimination or control of many infectious diseases. This has meant a longer, healthier, better life with much less pain and suffering for humans. Animal research is for the most part cruel and inhumane. Animal rights activists have gathered large amounts of information that has resulted in the closing down of many laboratories that violate anti-cruelty statutes. Almost daily we read about scientists and researchers who conduct animal experiments that do not consider pain and suffering. Laboratories are cited for filthy conditions, cages that are barely large enough to house animals and breeding conditions that are cruel. Animal research is often unnecessary. History has ...

Topics Discussed in Class - My Participation in Class Assignment - 1

Topics Discussed in Class - My Participation in Class - Assignment Example As consumer earnings converge across nations, the manifestation of value differences will turn into a much stronger factor than expected. This happening makes it increasingly significant to comprehend values of nationwide cultures along with their impact on consumer behaviours and action. Retailing plans for one nation cannot be extended to other nations without adaptation. During my own research, I focused more on the convergence and divergence in consumer behaviour. Basically, a firm has to come up with sells techniques that meet with the limitations of their consumers in a particular market. For instance, when setting the price of a commodity, it is vital for a firm to ensure that the commodity is priced according to the consumer it targets. This means that factors such as consumer income or needs will dictate how much an asset could be priced by an organisation. Presenter 1: Main Arguments Marketers should endeavour to abide by each and every country’s regulations and laws . They should also make efforts to keep up with the regulations and laws, which change frequently and, finally, clarify ambiguous regulations, which concern their activities (Stock & Lambert, 2008, 35). Presenter 1 basically focused on the socio-economic, political, legal and regulatory environments that concern a business. According to presenter 1, the socio-economic, political, legal and regulatory factors that concern a business basically comprise of the political environment, a nation’s sovereignty, democracy, totalitarianism among others. The political environment, as expected, is made up of governmental institutions along with the manning political parties (Mooij, 2004, 98). The presenter advises that a firm has to buy into a nation’s political beliefs in order to be able to venture into that country. The presenter also goes further to argue that a country regime is the one that decides whether a firm will invest in their nation or not, and; therefore, the import ance of a firm to be accepted by the regime. Presenter 2: Main Arguments Before a firm start to sell its products, they should come up with a well planned technique of delivering their services or goods to their target market, as well as a proper way of distributing them there (Lymbersky, 2008, 23). Since presenter 2 was dealing with international market entry strategy, he referred to this as establishing, as well as managing/maintaining contracts with foreign nations. Basically, the presenter thinks that a majority of companies successfully conduct their activities in a niche market devoid of ever expanding into fresh markets. However, businesses attain success or increased sales, business stability and brand awareness through entering a new market. Therefore, a key technique should be devised for helping firms incorporate themselves into new markets. Forming a market entry strategy concerns a methodical analysis of possible customers, as well as potential competitors (Stock & Lamb ert, 2008, 36). A number of the relevant factors, according to the presenter, which are significant in deciding the possibility of entry into a specific market comprise of localised knowledge, trade barriers, competition and price localisation along with export subsidies. The presenter advises that if a firm is aware of these factors, then they stand a chance of venturing into a new market effectively. My Contribution to Topic 1 Even though, the physical environment is not regarded as one

Monitoring and Evaluating a Strategic Plan Assignment

Monitoring and Evaluating a Strategic Plan - Assignment Example In addition, this is a variable tool for managing the implementation process of a strategic plan (Bryson, 2004). It also facilitates determination of the resources that are required and those that are available in order to bridge the gap that would cause failure of the strategic plan. On the other hand, the evaluation process involves a comparison of the actual project agonist the effects of agreed strategic plan (Shapiro, 2012). Moreover, this focuses on the objectives of that should be accomplished by through the implementation process. Therefore, to Americare organization, the evaluation of their strategic plans implementation process is formative. In fact, the evaluation process facilitates improvement of the strategic plans functions. Moreover, it can be regarded summative in situation where they are learning from their fully implemented strategic plans. Nonetheless, the other aspect of strategic plan, which is monitored and evaluated is the performance, whereby a manager should keep track of the process through which various objectives are achieved (Bryson & Alston, 2005). On the other hand, the managers should sure that they are comparing the performance of the strategic plan with other completed

Environmental Impact Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Impact Analysis Paper - Essay Example This is essentially the reason why the leadership style of the management determines to a great extent the success or failure of the leader’s attempt at effecting significant organizational changes. AT&D is an organization that is dire need of effective changes if it is to survive the cut-throat competition that is characterizing the industry it is operating in. It requires a serious rethink from its leadership and especially Muller who at its helm has the leeway to make important decisions that can consequently enable AT&D remain afloat in the ever changing motor industry. The only consolation that Muller has is the fact that there are a number of options that he can institute if AT&D is to weather the imminent bankruptcy that is staring it in the face. In this regard, there are a number of leadership models at his disposal that he can employ in order to steer the organization back to profitability. Already he has come to the conclusion that relocating to an area closer to fo reign automakers like Toyota and Honda, which are increasingly displacing the big three US automakers in market share, and which AT&D is supposed to be supplying spare parts is the way to go. Some of this leadership that he can employ in his bid at enabling the organization relocate to new location without suffering more damage or disenfranchising section of the subordinates include; the 8-Stage model of planned organizational change, appreciative inquiry, individualized theory of leadership, and path-goal theory. The 8-Stage model of planned organizational change and â€Å"American Tool & Die" This theory is anchored in the understanding that an organizational change process can be implemented through following an eight step procedure if it is to be successful and effective. This strategy fits perfectly in AT&D scenario because of a number of factors. In this regard, John Kotter proposes eight stages namely; establishment of a sense of urgency; creation of a guiding coalition; dev elopment of persuasive vision and strategy; communication of the change vision widely in the organization; empowerment of the constituents for a broad-based action on the vision; generation of a short-term win; consolidation of the gains and production of more change; and anchoring of the new approaches in the organizational culture (Beer, & Nohria, 2000, pp. 304). In order to succeed in each of these stages, Keller Muller will be required to demonstrate a very high degree of leadership. First, he would be need to create a sense of urgency through convincing and demonstrating to his workforce that AT & D requires moving closer to foreign automakers if it is to survive the reduction in business that is being occasioned by the fact that the big three automakers that it has been depending on for business over the years are increasingly losing market share to these foreign automakers. This creation of urgency might take the form of demonstrating to them with figures and other fact how g rave the situation is for AT&D such that it has to move with speed to evade a possible bankruptcy or a similar eventuality within a very short time, which in Muller’

Integrated Management Principle Of Changes In Ikea Commerce Essay

Integrated Management Principle Of Changes In Ikea Commerce Essay The IKEA company running from six decode ago by 1926.ikea They walking from the woods of southern Sweden. Now they have major retail branch over 40 countries around the world. The founder of IKEA is Ingvar Kamprad is born in Smà ¥land in southern Sweden. Within their long history, they have must a principle of changes to gowning their successful history. First need to understand what means about changes that means organizational changes. Changes take many forms: one is extreme that are modify the cause of exist of a company and other is sometime any small portion need to review. Changes can be influence the whole company or small portion of the company such as a single team. In a company occur many changes parallel at a time. Newton (2007) In the IKEA group of company, if there are occur any changes then they achieve the following thing: The achieve the boost in processes and procedure; develop their information technology system, improved their customer services, develop the skill and ability of their teams stuff, including outsourcing company structure will be change, an innovation and broader range of product or services, review the culture of the company and merge and de merge between the company. Any changes occur is a reaction for any stimuli that means every change having some key factor and principle. Some change occurs for internal reason for company and some reason for external reason for the company. The internal changes are comes about trough the creativity of stuff in this company to produce a method that are benefit for the company. This change are recognize by the senior manager in this company that means top down change, but sometimes many changes are identify from bottom up changes. In external changes of this company include: taking step to develop the technology side of the company, taking action of the various demand and needs of the customer, organize the company for changing new legislation and regulations, and try to always react with various competition that are new market policy and new company arise with new technology, etc. Change Management and innovation To achieve a desired final state through changes by set of processes, tools, methods, approaches and techniques is called change management. Change management is means leading transition from one state to another. Change manage is approaches have many innovation in IKEA group company. It helps this organization to gain its aim and objectives that are cannot possible to gain by the present method and successfully operate with customer. This manage also try to minimize the negative of any change occur in this company. Well designed and implementation change can be give massive improvement in this organizational performance, but sometimes it brings negative impact if this changes need again. Change management tries to minimize the time and length of this performance by dropping following changes. CameronGreen (2009) This change management are innovating the different areas of the company that are: project manager use this innovation of the change manager to refer that need any manager c hange need to the scope or requirements of a project. This change management is impact on the cost of this project, time of a project. Operational manager use this term for to an operational process or system is controlled to ensure that the change does not adversely affect operations. For example a new machine is coming on a production line factory, then production manger that is act in change manger ensure that this machine are operate after successfully testing and no disturbing or interrupt to another production that are running in this factory. Change theories and tools within the organization or in IKEA Every organization tries to react with new market policy, new technology, and customer demand. To keep pace with this market change, every organization always takes many sides of change management. There are include process change, structural change, cultural change and cost change in such type organization is called IKEA. Beer (2003) In structural change consider the all functional part of the company that are need to be change for better performance. During structural change, top management, aided by consultant, attempts to reconstruct these sectors to achieve better performance. In process change describe the how product will be done. Process change focus to make processes quicker, more effective, more reliable and less price. Cost change management always considers the price cost according to the customer or market demand. And in cultural change management means the stuff co operation with other and work flow in group member. According to the Harvard Business School Professors Michel Beer and Nitin Nohria described two forms of change theory that are called E theory and O theory. E theory means change from the economical approach and O theory means changes from the organizational capabilities approach. In goals of any company, E theory describe the maximize shareholder value and O theory describe the developing capabilities of this company. In E theory also changes the leadership manages from the top and O theory tries to participate the leadership from bottom up. E theory focuses the structure and system of the company and O theory develop the corporate culture and stuff relation and behavior. E theory conduct the process in plain and established way, but in O theory conducts the process in experimental way. McCalmanPaton (1992) In IKEA group of organization, consider the major change of program according to the market demand and customer choice. So what theory is appropriate for this company is difficult to do say. Because from the previous experiment it is shows that neither theory is guarantee of success. In E theory is develop the rapid changes that are sometimes beneficial. But not either E theory or O theory is beneficial for this company. For successfully change tools in a company. It needs to apply the both theory. Effect of globalization on change management using Risk Management Technique Risk is unavoidable in every project in organization. Risk may be come in any side of the organization that means operational, process and cultural risk, etc. For example, in a team group any member is sick then there will be occur a risk. A good manager always takes action to reduce the risk and make contingency plan to mitigate risk. Wallace (1999) Figure1 : Risk Management .There are many risk management technique are available for reduce risk. Risk also effects the globalization on change management. There are many factor are include to effect the globalization. Deaconu Capital repositioning is one of the common globalization effects that are identify. For the reason of economic growth of the developed countries that are seeking the market in the developing countries also coming risk in the economic field. Increasing trade exchange is also another risk that are sometime arrange without any regulations. The Barriers of change process There are many change management processes available that are structural process, cultural process, behavior change process, etc. To achieve this process, there are also coming many barriers. The behaviorist approach is about changing the behaviors of others through reward and punishment. This leads to behavioral analysis and use of reward strategies. Personality type has a significant effect on an individuals ability to initiate or adapt to change. To overcoming this behavioral change barriers, manager can take step. For behavioral barriers, get his reward strategies right and link goals to motivation for cognitive. To overcoming these change problems make sure that the organization continues to do all the normal work that needs to be done in priority to the change itself. Any product need not be delivered when change are in risk. Kotter (1996) There are need to continuous monitoring progress in terms of both completion task and the delivery of benefits. Resolve this problem quickly and effectively. The decision to go live requires an understanding of the risk being taken. Risk can be minimized by activities like testing and contingency plans, but there is never zero risk. Celebrate success proportionately and at the right time. Source of conflict within the change management Conflict takes place in organization because organizations function by means of adjustment and compromises among competitive elements in their structure and membership. Peoples views often conflict. If they hold them strongly, the result can be two kinds of conflict, horizontal between functions, departments, groups and individuals, and vertical between different levels in the hierarchy. A conflict between individuals raises fewer problems than conflict between groups. Individuals can act independently and resolve their differences. Members of groups may have to accept the norms, goals, and values of their group. An individuals loyalty will usually be to his or her own group if it is in conflict with others. Every change provides an opportunity to learn. True learning is not just about discussing what went well and badly, but about taking real action to ensure the lesions are drilled into the organization. Change is continuous in an environment of finite resource. To perform the best changes requires tough decision making and prioritization of change option. To thrive in a world of change the organization should deliberately develop change management skills as a core skill for everyone in the organization. When developing or changing anything for organization consider how they can design in flexibility so the next time it comes to making a modification it is easier, quicker, and cheaper. The best method of handling conflict is to adopt a problem solving approach by: getting arrangement on what problem is, jointly analysis the causes of the conflict, identifying alternative mean of dealing with the issue, jointly evaluating the metrics of each alternative from the perspectives of both parties. Working through the alternatives to find the one closest to meeting the needs of everyone connected and agreeing on how the preferred solution can be implemented to the satisfaction of both parties. Conclusion of all the outcomes for the given organization IKEA The most important task is to gain the commitment of all concerned to the proposed change. This can be achieved by preparing for change thoroughly, gaining understanding and acceptance of the reasons for change, managing the transition carefully, and implementing the change in a way which ensures, as far as possible, that it is accepted so that, in use, its worth becomes evident. The main business theam of IKEA group is delivered the well designed product in minimam prize that are able to all people. The IKEA organazations develop their more store moer than 4.5% to 660 miliion. This is increase the tortal EUR 22,713.

REGGAE AND ZYDECO :: Essays Papers

REGGAE AND ZYDECO If one were to look back into the world’s history, one would find that an important and consistent element is the world of music. Music has presented itself in various forms throughout its spread and through our identification of its magical realm, people have been fortunate enough to come across a means of relation. Whether it is blues and reggae or rap and pop rock, there is music out there for everyone. Music can serve as a stabilizer for some, a relaxant to others, and to many a form of inspiration. Music’s influence is felt everywhere and it brings about a stir of emotions in many people. Whether it is something as simple as relationship trouble or something deeper and more profound, such as one’s cultural history, music serves as a stimulant to the mind and in other ways, a stimulant to the body. Such music as country, rock, reggae and Zydeco all succeed in stimulating the body and convincing it that dancing will only increase the satisfactory feeling that the music tends to give off. Although there is a variety of music that could be examined to trace its evolution through time, there is one genre in particular that is quite interesting to examine. Though it differs from other types of music, it will be looked at in conjunction with Reggae music as they have similar ties. Reggae music is quite prominent today in the United States, parts of Africa, and of course Jamaica. Reggae is notoriously known for its most influential artist Bob Marley, and it is not unusual for one to have heard a few, if not many of his songs. Reggae’s popularity is steadily increasing and is doing so through both expansions of the music as well as increasing knowledge on the genre. The genre that has been chosen to focus on and examine is much less known than Reggae. It can be assured that a number of people asked on the subject will have no knowledge of the genre and perhaps not even recognition to the name. This particular genre is that of Zydeco music. Zydeco music is Louisiana based and most notably linked to Cajun music. Its roots are deep in the South and although it tends to not venture far from home, those around it have found music to fall in love with. Reggae and Zydeco, as well as many other musical genres have ties that go as far as Africa.

A Young Lady With Feet Swelling Health And Social Care Essay

A 29-year-old Indonesian domestic assistant, Ms MH, was admitted to medical section, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, complaining of bilateral pess and mortise joints swelling and bubbling piss for 1 hebdomad. There was no hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequence, urgency, febrility, joint hurting, tegument roseolas, sore pharynx, recent upper respiratory piece of land symptoms or GI symptoms. She denied taking any herbs or nonprescription medicines. Her past medical history and household history were everyday. She was a non-smoker, and denied history of unprotected sex. She recalled that her first twenty-four hours of last catamenial period was approximately 2 hebdomads before the admittance. On scrutiny, she was afebrile, with bosom rate 103 beats per minute and blood force per unit area 144/71mmHg. She had periorbital hydrops, facial swelling and opposing hydrops of 4 limbs. There was no lividness. Her fundoscopic scrutiny was normal. Jugular venous force per unit area was elevated. On ausc ultation, her thorax was clear, her bosom beat was regular with a non-displaced cardiac vertex, and there was no bosom mutter. Abdominal scrutiny did non uncover any abdominal mass or bruit. She did non hold any skin roseolas or joint puffiness. Dipstick uranalysis showed 3+blood, 2+protein, and negative for glucose. Urine gestation trial was negative. Her blood trial showed normochromic, normocystic anemia ( haemoglobin degree 10.5g/dL ) and deranged nephritic map trial ( serum creatinine: 168i? ­mol/L ) . Her white cell count was 10.4 ten 10^9/L, the albumin degree was 24g/L and the liver map trial was normal. Her serum entire cholesterin degree was 5.2mmol/L, low denseness lipoprotein degree was 3.7mmol/L and fasting plasma glucose was 4.5mmol/L. The everyday microscopy of piss was positive for ruddy blood cell, ruddy cell dramatis personae, and was negative for white blood cell. The urine sum protein was 1.13g/day and the creatinine clearance was 10 mL/min. Mid-stream piss for civilization was negative. The clinical image was compatible with nephritic syndrome or quickly progressive glomerulonephritis ( RPGN ) , and anemia. Further probes showed that serum anti-nuclear antibodies ( ANA ) , antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies ( ANCA ) , anti-streptolysin O ( ASO ) antibody, and anti-glomerular cellar membrane ( anti-GBM ) antibody titres were undetectable. Serum C3 and C4 complement degrees were normal. Hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus antibody, serum cryoglobulin and blood civilization were negative. Ultrasound scan of nephritic system revealed normal-sized kidneys with increased echogenicity, which was suggestive of nephritic parenchymal disease. Nephritic biopsy confirmed Immunoglobulin ( Ig ) A nephropathy. The reticulocyte count was normal, peripheral vilification showed mild poikilocytosis, and serum Fe profile was non implicative of Fe lack. Faecal supernatural blood trials were negative in all of the 3 stool specimens. Serum and urine paraprotein were n egative, and bone marrow scrutiny showed active marrow. Ms. MH was given low dose frusemide for diagnostic alleviation of peripheral hydrops, and was given angiotensin change overing enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI ) for control of blood force per unit area. She was assessed by nephrologist and was suggested to go on these medicines, and to mention to renal clinic for consideration of steroid therapy when serum creatinine is on increasing tendency or when albuminuria progresses to nephrotic scope. She tolerated the medicines and was on a regular basis followed up in the medical out-patient clinic. Discussion ** ( entire words for instance history and treatment must be 1000-2000 ) : Ms MH, a healthy 29-year-old lady, presented with 1 hebdomad history of dependent hydrops, high blood pressure, microscopic hematuria, and a low grade of albuminuria ( urine sum protein: 1.13g/day ) . Urine microscopy revealed white blood cell, ruddy blood cell and ruddy cell dramatis personae. This clinical image is compatible with glomerulonephritis, which can be loosely classified into renal-limited primary glomerulonephritis or secondary glomerulonephritis perplexing systemic disease. Further blood trial for serologic markers of glomerulonephritis, viz. ANA, ANCA, anti-GBM antibody, ASO titres, hepatitis serology, blood civilizations and cryoglobulin titres were undetectable, therefore excepting secondary glomerulonephritis. Nephritic biopsy remains the gilded criterion for unequivocal diagnosing of glomerulonephritis. The biopsy specimen can be examined under the light microscopy in order to find the primary histopathological hurt to the uriniferous tubule. Under light microscopy, immunofluorescence survey is able to place three major forms of deposition of Ig, viz. farinaceous, additive and dearth of immunofluorescence staining. Farinaceous deposition of Ig is a trademark of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Linear deposition of Ig along the glomerular cellar membrane is characteristic of anti-GBM disease. Dearth of Ig and positive circulating ANCA represent glomerulonephritis caused by ANCA-related vasculitis. ( 1 ) Ms MH was eventually diagnosed to hold IgA kidney disease, which is the commonest cause of primary glomerulonephritis throughout the universe. ( 2 ) Typical oncoming of the disease is in the 2nd and 3rd decennaries of life, as manifested by our instance. Majority of patients are diagnosed during an rating for symptomless microscopic hematuria or mild albuminurias. Macroscopic, and frequently perennial, hematuria that occurs shortly after an upper respiratory tract infection is a authoritative but less common presentation. Patient with IgA kidney disease may besides presented with nephrotic-range albuminurias, RPGN or, seldom, malignant high blood pressure. ( 3,4 ) As demonstrated by our instance, the complement degree is typically normal in IgA nephropathy. Light-microscopically, IgA nephropathy can change from mild mesangial proliferation and enlargement to spread proliferation with glomerular crescents. Immunofluorescence staining typically showed farinaceous deposition of Ig, decl arative mood of immune complex glomerulonephritis. ( 1 ) Ms MH was put on ACEI for blood force per unit area control. There are groundss that patterned advance of IgA kidney disease may be slowed by ACEI and angiotonin II receptor blockers ( ARB ) . ( 5,6 ) The drugs act by cut downing the intra-glomerular force per unit area and by straight bettering the size-selective belongingss of the glomerular capillary wall, lending to their anti-hypertensive and anti-proteinuric consequence. ( 1 ) In a randomized controlled test, 44 patients with biopsy-proven IgA kidney disease, proteinuria more than or equal to 0.5 gram/d, and serum creatinine less that or equal to 1.5 mg/dL ( 133 umol/L ) were indiscriminately assigned either to have Vasotec or to a control group in whom blood force per unit area was controlled with anti-hypertensives other than ACEI or ARB. At followup of about seven old ages, nephritic endurance, defined as lupus erythematosus that a 50 per centum addition in the serum creatinine concentration, was significantly more likely in the Vasotec group than in the control group: 92 % versus 55 % ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . There was a important lessening in albuminuria in the Vasotec group, whereas an addition in albuminuria was observed in the control group ( P & A ; lt ; 0.001 between groups ) . Control of blood force per unit area was similar in the two groups. In decision, ACEI significantly improves nephritic endurance in proteinuric IgA kidney disease with norm al or reasonably impaired nephritic map. ( 5 ) High blood pressure, albuminuria of more than 1 gram per twenty-four hours, impaired nephritic map at the clip of diagnosing, relentless microscopic hematuria, and high glomerular histopathological tonss stand out as consistent and strong forecasters of hapless nephritic endurance harmonizing to literatures and cohort surveies from around the universe. ( 3,7,8 ) Ms MH demonstrates the first three hapless predictive factors of the above list and therefore she is expected to be at hazard of holding progressive disease in following few old ages. IgA kidney disease is a global disease and the cause of end-stage nephritic failure in 15-20 per centum of patients within 10 old ages and in 30 to 40 per centum of persons within 20 old ages from evident oncoming of disease. Harmonizing to Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews in the 3rd one-fourth of 2009, the optimum direction of IgA nephropathy remains unsure. Consequences from small-scaled randomised controlled tests favoured the usage of immunosuppressive intercessions, with the most promising agent being steroids, which were associated with a lower hazard of patterned advance to end-stage nephritic failure ( comparative hazard [ RR ] 0.44, 95 % assurance interval [ CI ] 0.25 to 0.8 ) and lower urinary protein elimination ( leaden mean difference [ WMD ] -0.49 g/day, 95 % CI -0.72 to -0.120 ) . Urinary protein elimination was lower for patients treated with alkylating agents or cyclosporin compared to placebo or no intervention. Further survey is necessary to determine which pa tients would profit from these intercessions. ( 9 ) Tables and figures ( non more than 2 ) : Reference ( non more than 10 ) : ** Brady HR, O'Meara YM, Brenner BM. Glomerular diseases. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et Al, explosive detection systems. Harrison ‘s rules of internal medical specialty, 16th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005:1674-94. Julian BA, Waldo FB, Rifai A, Mestecky J. IgA kidney disease, the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. A ignored disease in the United States? Am J Med, 1988 ; 84:129-132. Donadio JV, Grande JP. IgA nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2002 ; 347:738-48. Li PKT, Lai KN. IgA nephropathy in Hong Kong. Journal of the Hong Kong Medial Association, 1989 ; 1:93-5. Praga M, Gutierrez E, Gonzalez E, Morales E. Treatment of IgA nephropathy with ACE inhibitors: A randomized and controlled test. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2003 ; 14:1578-83. Li PK, Leung CB, Chow KM, Cheng YL, Fung SK, Mak SK, Tang AW, Wong TY, Yung CY, Yung JC, Yu AW, Szeto CC ; HKVIN Study Group. Hong Kong survey utilizing Diovans in IgA nephropathy ( HKVIN ) : a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled survey. Am J Kidney Dis, 2006 ; 47:751-60. Li J, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Li G, Zou W, Wang H. Natural history of Ig A kidney disease and prognostic factors of forecast: a long-run follow up of 204 instances in China. Nephrology, 2008 ; 13:242-6. Chacko B, John GT, Neelakantan N, Korula A, Balakrishnan N, Kirubakaran MG, Jacob CK. Presentation, forecast and result of IgA kidney disease in Indian grownups. Nephrology, 2005 ; 10:496-503 Barkat R, Molony DA, Samuels JA. Immunosuppressive agents for handling IgA kidney disease. Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews. 3rd One-fourth, 2009No of words ( excepting mentions ) : ____1260 _____**The instance study will be REJECTED if the campaigners fail to adhere to the above format.DeclarationI do solemnly and unfeignedly declare that the instance study submitted represents my ain work. I have been in clinical contact with the instance selected. The instance study has non been submitted to any assessment board or publication and it is NOT related to my 2nd forte ( Internet Explorers ) , if any. My consent is herewith given to the College to maintain a transcript of my instance study, in written and/or electronic, at the College Secretariat and let the populace to hold free entree to the work for mention.______________________( Signed by _______________ )

Indonesia - Geography, History, and More

Indonesia - Geography, History, and More Population: 240,271,522 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: JakartaMajor Cities: Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, SemarangArea: 735,358 square miles (1,904,569 sq km)Bordering Countries: Timor-Leste, Malaysia, Papua New GuineaCoastline: 33,998 miles (54,716 km)Highest Point: Puncak Jaya at 16,502 feet (5,030 m)Indonesia is the worlds largest archipelago with 13,677 islands (6,000 of which are inhabited). Indonesia has a long history of political and economic instability and has only recently begun to grow more secure in those areas. Today Indonesia is a growing tourist hotspot because of its tropical landscape in places such as Bali.Indonesias HistoryIndonesia has a long history that began with organized civilizations on the islands of Java and Sumatra. From the 7th to the 14th century, Srivijaya, a Buddhist Kingdom grew on Sumatra and at its peak it spread from West Java to the Malay Peninsula. By the 14th century, eastern Java saw the rise of the Hindu Kingdom Majapahit and its chief minister fr om 1331 to 1364, Gadjah Mada, was able to gain control of much of what is present-day Indonesia. Islam however, arrived in Indonesia in the 12th century and by the end of the 16th century, it replaced Hinduisim as the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra.In the early 1600s, the Dutch began growing large settlements on Indonesias islands and by 1602, they were in control of much of the country (except East Timor which belonged to Portugal). The Dutch then ruled Indonesia for 300 years as the Netherlands East Indies.By the early 20th century, Indonesia began a movement for independence which grew particularly large between World Wars I and II and Japan occupied Indonesia during WWII. Following Japans surrender to the Allies during the war though, a small group of Indonesians proclaimed independence for Indonesia. On August 17, 1945 this group established the Republic of Indonesia.In 1949, the new Republic of Indonesia adopted a constitution that established a parliamentary system of government. It was unsuccessful though because the executive branch of Indonesias government was to be chosen by parliament itself which was divided among various political parties. In the years following its independence, Indonesia struggled to govern itself and there were several unsuccessful rebellions beginning in 1958. In 1959, President Soekarno re-established a provisional constitution that had been written in 1945 to provide broad presidential powers and take power from the parliament. This act led to an authoritarian government termed Guided Democracy from 1959 to 1965.In the late 1960s, President Soekarno transferred his political power to General Suharto who eventually became Indonesias president in 1967. The new President Suharto established what he called the New Order to rehabilitate Indonesias economy. President Suharto controlled the country until he resigned in 1998 after years of continued civil unrest.Indonesias third president, President Habibie, then took power in 1999 and began rehabilitating Indonesias economy and restructuring the government. Since then, Indonesia has held several successful elections, its economy is growing and the count ry is becoming more stable. Government of IndonesiaToday, Indonesia is a republic with a single legislative body that is made up of the House of Representatives. The House is split into an upper body, called the Peoples Consultative Assembly, and lower bodies called the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat and the House of Regional Representatives. The executive branch is comprised of the chief of state and the head of government- both of which are filled by the president.Indonesia is divided into 30 provinces, two special regions and one special capital city.Economics and Land Use in IndonesiaIndonesias economy is centered on agriculture and industry. The main agricultural products of Indonesia are rice, cassava, peanuts, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, poultry, beef, pork and eggs. Indonesias largest industrial products include petroleum and natural gas, plywood, rubber, textiles and cement. Tourism is also a growing sector of Indonesias economy.Geography and Climate of IndonesiaThe topography of Indonesias islands varies but it consists mainly of coastal lowlands. Some of Indonesias larger islands (Sumatra and Java for example) have large interior mountains. Because the 13,677 islands that make up Indonesia are located on the two continental shelves, many of these mountains are volcanic and there are several crater lakes on the islands. Java for example has 50 active volcanoes.Because of its location, natural disasters, especially earthquakes, are common in Indonesia. On December 26, 2004 for example, a 9.1 to 9.3 magnitude earthquake struck in the Indian Ocean which triggered a large tsunami that devastated many Indonesian islands (images).Indonesias climate is tropical with hot and humid weather in lower elevations. In the highlands of Indonesias islands, temperatures are more moderate. Indonesia also has a wet season that lasts from December to March.Indonesia Facts Indonesia is the worlds fourth most populous country (behind China, India and the United States)Indonesia is the worlds largest Muslim countryLife expectancy in Indonesia is 69.6 yearsBahasa Indonesia is the countrys official language but English, Dutch and other native languages are spoken as well To learn more about Indonesia visit the Geography and maps section of this website. References Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 5). CIA - The World Factbook Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html Infoplease. (n.d.). Indonesia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from infoplease.com/ipa/A0107634.html United States Department of State. (2010, January). Indonesia (01/10). Retrieved from state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm

The Cold War essays

The Cold War essays The Cold War was an extremely long war that last from 1945 until 1990. It did not clearly start until 1945, but strained relations remained between the United States and the Soviet Union since 1917. The ending of WWII and the struggle between Communism and Capitalism, led to this unique war. This unparalleled war was between the Capitalist countries, including the United States, or the Eastern bloc and the Communist countries, including the Soviet Union, also referred to as the Western bloc. It was a unique war because it was not exactly declared war of battles, advances, and retreats. It was a war of ideas between the Free World and Communism (Lucas, P 1). Suspicion, mutual distrust, and misunderstandings between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their allies characterized the war. These conditions almost led to a Third World war at certain times. The United States and the Soviet Union both accused each other their ways because the United States wanted a free world wit h independence and democratic parties while the Soviet Union tried to control most of Eastern Europe, which was considered crucial to the country's interest. The United States was angered with the Soviet Union for wanting to expand Communism across the globe, and the Soviet Union was angered by the United States trying to stop revolutionary activity in other countries and practicing imperialism. In 1917, the Soviet Union became communist and established a Communist dictatorship. Throughout the 1920's and 1930's, the Soviet Union wanted the destruction of capitalism and world revolution, which was totally against the United States ways. Because of this, the United States would not even give the Soviet Union diplomatic recognition. These reasons made strained relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, and it led to the Cold War. The Cold War started in Europe after the Soviet Union lengthened its control throughout Central and Eastern...

Ideal Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ideal Community - Essay Example To construct such a community we need individuals with specific traits and qualities who work for the task assigned to them beyond their personal beliefs. Such individuals work solely for the purpose and cause of constructing an ideal community with its underlying principles focused primarily on service of humanity. An ideal community has to be perfect in many ways that it shouldn’t be only ideal for the individual that house in it but also for others who view its system and functioning from outside aswell. For this following facts are needed to be considered and worked upon The individuals settling in my ideal community can belong to any age group, sex and ethnicity. The individuals residing in the community shall hold ownership of homes as this gives assurity of their activities and actions as they reside permanently in the community. Interested renters with family shall have chances of occupying residence in the community. Residents should be have an adjusting, respectful and accepting attitude. The community shall be located at a place which should be safe from much pollution, crimes and other hazardous activities while at the same time have all the important resources required by the occupants nearby like grocery stores, bus stands, subway stations, health care centers, congregation sites, cafes and recreational centers nearby. The residents of the community should take part in the direct voting process and vote for the good of the nation rather than their individual benefits. The community should work with the government and support its step which benefits the nation as a whole. Community will have facilities that shall promote recreational activities of the residents. Various recreational centers shall be established furnishing the needs of majority residents. This way the residents will have chance to interact and develop relationships. Residents are supposed to adhere to the laws of the country along with observing

Strategic Planning in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments Research Paper

Strategic Planning in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments - Research Paper Example This process is called strategic planning and has been proved to result in different outcomes for different organizations, depending on the nature of the organization and the environment in which the organization operates.   Strategic planning is a systematic and documented process that is adapted for making decisions on what key decisions an organization must get right in order to ensure that the organization thrives in the future. The process of strategic planning leads to a strategic plan, which is a set of statements that describe the purpose and ethical conduct of an organization together with the different strategies that have been designed in order to achieve the targets that the organization has set (Pearce II, et al 1987). To achieve the best outcome, an organization should ensure that its strategic planning is effective, and is capable of sustainable strategic decisions. This is important as it might reduce the risk level for the organization, and improve the long-term performance of the organization. Different organizations have utilized the process of strategic planning differently, and have experienced varying results. Today, apart from large corporations, smaller organizations are equally adopting the process of strategic planning. While some organizations have successfully used strategic planning and experienced a positive outcome, other organizations have failed to realize a positive outcome with strategic planning. Therefore, strategic planning in this regard cannot be viewed as an ultimate or absolute effective process for organizational decision making and improved performance.  

Does Global warming exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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The Crash of American Airlines Essay Example for Free

The Crash of American Airlines Essay A good example involving with human error is the crash of the American Airlines flight 587. On 12 November 2001, at approximately 9:17 a. m. ocal time, American Airlines flight 587 crashed into the Belle Harbor area of Queens, New York, several minutes after taking off from JFK International Airport. The plane was on a scheduled flight to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. All nine crew members and 251 passengers on the aircraft were killed, including five infants. Five people on the ground were also killed. Let examine the summary of events that the NTSB determined led to the crash in order to identify the probable causes. â€Å"The A300-600, took off just minutes after the Japan Airlines Boeing 747 on the same runway, flew into the larger jets wake, an area of very turbulent air. The first officer attempted to keep the plane upright with aggressive rudder inputs. The strength of the air flowing against the moving rudder stressed the aircrafts vertical stabilizer and eventually snapped it off entirely, causing the aircraft to lose control and crash. The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that the enormous stress on the rudder was due to the first officers unnecessary and excessive rudder inputs, and not the wake caused by the earlier Japan Airlines 747 that had crossed that area. Airbus charges that the crash was mostly Americans fault, because the airline did not train its pilots properly about the characteristics of the rudder. Aircraft tail fins are designed to withstand full rudder deflection in one direction at maneuvering speed. They are not usually designed to withstand an abrupt shift in rudder from one direction to the other. Most American pilots believed that the tail fin could withstand any rudder movement at maneuvering speed. The NTSB indicated that American Airlines Advanced Aircraft Maneuvering Program tended to exaggerate the effects of wake turbulence on large aircraft. Therefore, pilots were being trained to react more aggressively than was necessary. † (Mysterious Crash) Since the investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board, American Airlines has modified its pilot training program. Training methods have been reviewed and changed as a result of the accident. Despite rapid gains in technology, humans are ultimately responsible for ensuring the success and safety of the aviation industry. They must continue to be knowledgeable, flexible, dedicated, and efficient while exercising good judgment.